Unit content
Proof by contrapositive and contradiction
Some implications are easier to prove indirectly.
Contrapositive
To prove
$$P\Rightarrow Q,$$
one may instead prove the equivalent statement
$$\neg Q\Rightarrow\neg P.$$
This is useful when the negation of the conclusion exposes information that is easier to work with than the original assumption.
Contradiction
A proof by contradiction assumes the statement to be proved is false and derives an impossibility.
assume not C
...
derive a contradiction
therefore C
The contradiction might be a statement and its negation, an impossible inequality, or a violation of a known theorem.
Indirect proofs are not weaker than direct proofs. They are alternative logical routes whose usefulness depends on the structure of the claim.